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Note: N217 date of obituary in Ind. Star but it was a Sunday
Came to Indianapolis 1906; naturalized in 1913; member Christian ParkReformed Church
Bolsward (Frisian: Boalsert) is a municipality and a city in the province of Fr. in the NL. Bolsward is just short of a population of10.000. The town is the only official settlement within the borders of the municipality.
The town is founded on three artificial dwelling hills, of which the first was built some time before Christ. Bolsward was a trading city with a port in the Middle Ages. The middle sea connected the port to the north sea, but this connection was lost when the middle sea was reclaimed from the sea. As a trading city, Bolsward received city rights in 1455. Bolsward was also a member of the Hanseatic league.[Wikipedia]
An artificial dwelling hill (known as Terp, Wierde, Warf, Warft, Werfand Wurt) is an artificial mound, hillock or knoll that was created by humans to have a dry shelter during high tide and floods. These hills occur in the northern part of the NL (in the Dutch provinces of Fr.and Groningen) and Germany where, before dikes were made, tides interfered with daily life.
Terpen in Fr.
In the Dutch province of Fr. an artificial dwelling hill is known asterp (plural terpen). Terp means "village" in Old Frisian and is cognate with English thorp, Danish torp, German Dorf and Dutch dorp. The better word for these mounds would therefore be wierde or Wurt, but terp has become the predominant term. Historical Frisian settlements were built on artificial terpen measuring up to 15 m in height to be safe from the floods in periods of rising sea levels. The first terp-building period dates from 500 BC, the second from 200 BC to 50 BC. In the mid 3rd century, the rise of sea level was so dramatic that the clay district was deserted, and settlers returned only around AD 400. A third terp-building period dates from AD 700 (Old Frisian times). This ended with the coming of the dike somewhere around 1200. During the 18th and 19th centuries many terps were destroyed to use the fertile soil they contained to fertilize farm fields (as terpen tended to have been well fertilized by the decay of the rubbish and personal waste deposited by their inhabitants down the centuries).
Place names in the Frisian coastal region ending in -werd, -ward,-uert etc.[like Bolsward] refer to the fact that the village was builton an artificial dwelling mound (wierde). The greater part of the terp-villages though have names ending in -um, from -heem or -hiem, meaning (farm)yard, grounds.
Pine Rest Christian Hospital
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