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a. Note:   American Civil War, died unknown reason, unknown place of burial, near town of the town of Jackson, Tennessee.
 It was freezing cold: November, 1862. Civil War Troops, did not have suitable clothing, Union or Confederate. Clothing on soldiers, may have been removed from soldiers, who had died. Soldiers were probably buried in a common grave near Jackson. Years later, these men were reburied else where.
  Mustered into Company G, 78th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry as Pvt., William Becket, October 12, 1861.
 Transferred to the 4th U.S. Cavalry on November 30, 1862. Family Bible, died near town of Jackson, Tennessee.
  Armstrong Co., in The War of the Rebellion
 The 78th Regt. Pa. Vol. Inf. was recruited and organized by Col. William Sirwell, at a rendezvous on the Allegheny river, immediately above the town of Kittanning, in Armstrong Co., Pennsylvania This rendezvous was called "Camp Orr," in honor of Gen. Robert Orr, a distinguished citizen of Kittanning, who had also rendered his country efficient service in the field in the war of 1812.
  The companies composing the regiment came into camp in the following order: August 14, 1861, a company from Kittanning, Armstrong Co., Pennsylvania, in charge of James S. Hilberry; August 27, 1861, a company from Indiana Co., Pennsylvania, in charge of William Cummins; August 29, 1861, a company from Clarion Co., Pennsylvania, in charge of John M. Brinker; August 29, 186 1, a company from Apollo, Armstrong Co., Pennsylvania, in charge of Robert D. Elwood; September 3, 1861, a company from Freeport, Armstrong Co., Pennsylvania, in charge of Dr. Charles B. Gillespie; September 5, 1861, a company from Armstrong Co., Pennsylvania, known as the "Buffington Blues," in charge of John Jordon; September 6, 1861, a company from Cherry Tree, Indiana Co., Pa ., in charge of Michael Forbes; September 10, 1861, a company from Clarion Co., Pennsylvania, in charge of James N. Hosey; September 11, 1861, a company from Armstrong Co., Pennsylvania, in charge of Rev. De Witt C. Hervey; September 17, 1861, a company from Butler Co., Pennsylvania, in charge of William S. Jack. These ten organizations remained in "Camp Orr," drilling and recruiting, until October 12, 1861, when they were mustered in to the service of the United States as the 78th Regt. P. Vol. Inf., by Cap t. H. B. Hays, U. S. A., mustering officer, on duty at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
 Catholic Priest, Father Christy served during the Civil War after being commissioned as a Chaplain for the 78th Pennsylvania Regiment. He became known as the Fighting Chaplain of the Army of the Cumberland for his fearless care of the sick and wounded on the battlefields.
  COMPANY G.
  OFFICERS.
 Captain John Jordan, m. i. s. Oct 12, 1861; res. April 12, 1864.
 First Lieutenant Wm. J. Galbraith, m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; trans. to U. S. Signal corps June 20, 1863.
 First Lieutenant Jacob R. McAfoos, m. i. s. Oct 12, 1861; pro. from 2d L t. Aug. 26, 1863; m. o. with Co.
 Second Lieutenant Wm. J. Williams, m. i. s. Oct. 18, 1861; pro. from Com Sergt. April 24, 1864; commissioned Capt. April 13, 1864; not mus. m. o. with Co.
  SERGEANTS:
 First Sergeant Samuel H. Croyle, m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; m. o. with Co.
 Sergeant Bernard Huber, m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; m. o. with Co.
 Sergeant Andrew J. Thompson, m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; m. o. with Co.
 Sergeant Geo. G. Borland, m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; wounded at Stone River, Tenn., Dec. 31, 1862; m. o. with Co.
 Sergeant Peter O. Bowser, m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; dis. Nov. 4, 1864.
 Sergeant Wm. A. Henderson, m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; dis. on surgeon's certificate May 18, 1862.
 Sergeant Samuel Klugh, m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; dis. on surgeon's certificate May 18, 1862.
 Sergeant John C. White, m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; dis. on surgeon's certificate July 20, 1863.
  CORPORALS:
 Corporal Thomas Shea, m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; m. o. with Co.
 Corporal Robert L. Marshall, m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; m. o. with Co.
 Corporal Isaac Schrecengost, m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; m. o. with Co.
 Corporal David L. Cochran, m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; m. o. with Co.
 Corporal Wm. G. McElhiney, m. i. s. Oct, 12, 1861; m. o. with Co.
 Corporal Jos. McElwee, m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; m. o. with Co.
 Corporal John C. Roof, m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; trans. to 4th Reg. U. S. Cav, Nov. 30, 1862.
 Corporal Thos. McCleary, m. i. s. Feb. 2, 1864; trans. to Co. A, Oct. 18, 1864; vet.
 Corporal John W. P. Blair, m. i. s. Feb. 2, 1864; trans. to Co. A, Oct. 18, 1864; vet.
 Corporal James W. Collums, m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; died at Camp Wood, Ky., Feb. 17, 1862.
 Corporal Arthur L. Myrtle, m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; killed at Stone River, Tenn., Dec. 31, 1862.
  Musician John G. Webb, m. i. s. March 4, 1862; trans. to Co. A Oct. 18, 18 64.
 Musician James M. Hawk, m. i. s. March 12, 1862; trans. to Co. A Oct. 18, 1864.
 Musician McKendria M. Lias, m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; died at Camp Negley, Ky., Dec. 11, 1861.
  PRIVATES:
 Borland, Samuel, m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; m. o. with Co.
 Bowser, Wm. J., m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; m. o. with Co.
 Bowser, John G., m. i. s. Sept. 12, 1862; dis. on surgeon's certificate June 29, 1863.
 Becket, William, m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; trans. to 4th Reg. U. S. Cav. Nov ., 30, 1862.
 Bowser, Washington, m. i. s. Aug. 7, 1862; trans. to Co. A Oct. 18, 1864.
 Bridget, Hamilton, m. i. s. Sept. 13, 1862; trans. to Co. A Oct. 18, 1864.
 Burket, John, m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; died at Louisville, Ky., Nov. 16, 18 62.
 Bennett, Abraham, m. i. s. Feb. 2,1864
 Campbell, Mark, m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; m. o. with Co.
 Clark, Wm., m. i. s. Sept. 15, 1862; trans. to co. A Oct. 18, 1864.
 Coursins, James H., m. i. s. Sept. 13, 1862; trans. to Co. A Oct. 18, 1864 .
 Coursins, Simon, m. i. s. Sept. 14, 1862; trans. to Co. A Oct. 18, 1864.
 Cable, John W., m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; died at Camp Wood, Ky., Dec. 14, 1 861.
 Clever, Wm. H., m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; died at Nashville, Tenn., De c. 1, 1862.
 Christman, Michael, m. i. s. Sept. 12, 1862; died at Nashville, Tenn., Feb. 25, 1863.
 Croyle, John, m. i. s. Sept. 13, 1862; missed in action at Stone River, Tenn., Dec. 31, 1862.
 Davis, Orlando P., m. i. s. July 8, 1863; trans. to Co. A Oct. 18, 1864.
 Dickson, John, m. i. s. Sept. 12, 1864; trans. to Co. A Oct. 18, 1864.
 Erwin, James M., m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; killed at Stone River, Tenn., Jan. 2, 1863.
 Fowler, Francis, m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; dis. on surgeon's certificate May 18, 1862.
 Fienner, Elijah, m. i. s. Sept. 13, 1862; dis. on surgeon's certificate, date unknown date.
 Guyer, Wm. W., m. i. s. April 1, 1862; dis. on surgeon's certificate May 18, 1862.
 Hagerty, Wm. A., m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; wounded at Stone River, Tenn., Dec. 31, 1862; absent sick at m. o.
 Hughes, Geo., m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; m. o. with company.
 Hoover, Jacob, m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; m. o. with company.
 Hopkins, John A., m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; m. o. with company.
 Hosack, Wm. S., m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; m. o. with company.
 Henesy, Oliver, m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; m. o. with company.
 Hooks, Hugh A., m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; wounded at Stone River, Tenn., Jan. 2, 1863; m. o. with company.
 Henesy, Charles, m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; m. o. with company.
 Hall, John, m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; captured at Stone River, Tenn., Dec. 31, 1862; absent at m. o.
 Howser, Isaac, m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; dis. on surgeon's certificate May 1 8, 1862.
 Heath, Joshua, m. i. s. Feb. 2, 1864; trans. to Co. A Oct, 18, 1864; vet.
 Hastings, John S., m. i. s. Oct. 1861; died at Camp Negley, Ky., Dec. 11, 1861.
 Hull, Morrison, m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; killed at Stone River, Tenn., De c. 31, 1862.
 Jewell, Thos M., m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; m. o. with company.
 Johnston, Wm. C., m. i. s. Oct. 12, 161; m. o. with company.
 Johnston, Thos., m. i. s. Oct. 1861; dis. on surgeon's certificate May 18, 1862.
 Lemon, John H., m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; dis. on surgeon's certificate Aug 1862.
 Myrtle, Henry A., m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; absent sick at m. o.
 Marshall, James W., m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; wounded near Dallas, Ga., M ay 27, 1864; m. o. with company.
 Marshall, William A., m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; m. o. with company.
 Myers, Joseph L., m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; m. o. with company.
 Myrtle, Jacob B., m. i. s. Feb. 2, 1864; trans. to Co. A Oct. 18, 1864.
 Mains, Daniel, m. i. s. March 4, 1864; trans. to Co. A Oct. 18, 1864.
 Murph, Daniel, m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; died Jan. 5, 1863, of wounds received at Stone River, Tenn., Dec. 31, 1862.
 McLeod, Jas. A., m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; wounded at Stone River, Tenn. m. o. with company.
 McCracken, Jas., m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; m. o. with company.
 McVey, Daniel L., m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; m. o. with company.
 McPherson, Eli, m. i. s. March 4, 1862; trans. to Co. A Oct. 18, 1864.
 McMillen, Daniel, m. i. s. Sept. 10, 1862; trans. to Co. A. Oct. 18, 1864.
 McBride, Enos, m. i. s. March 12, 1862, died at Nashville, Tenn., Dec. 30, 1862.
 McCrady, George, m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; died at Nashville, Tenn., Oct. 12, 1862.
 Pool, Wm. R., m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; dis. on surgeon's certificate July 2 0, 1863.
 Porter, Wm. M., m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; died at Louisville, Ky., Dec. 21, 1861; buried in Nat. Cem., Sec A, range 3, grave 9.
 Reed, George S., m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; m. o. with company.
 Ruffner, Simon, m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; m. o. with company.
 Runyan, Phineas, m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; m. o. with company.
 Ruffner, Daniel, m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; m. o. with company.
 Ruffner, William H., m. i. s. March 3, 1864; trans. to Co. A Oct. 18, 1864 .
 Roudybust, Michael, m. i. s. March 24, 1864.
 Soxman, Henry F., m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; wounded at Stone River, Tenn., Dec. 31, 1862; m. o. with company.
 Snyder, John S., m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; m. o. with company.
 Sowers, William, m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; m. o. with company.
 Sowers, Samuel H., m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; m. o. with company.
 Shannon, George W., m. i. s. Aug. 30, 1862; trans. to Co. A Oct. 18, 1864.
 Shannon, James, m. i. s. Aug. 30, 1862; trans. to Co. A Oct. 18, 1864.
 Sowers, Henry, m. i. s. Sept. 13, 1862; died at Murfreesboro, Tenn., May 11; buried in Nat. Cem., Stone River, grave 306.
 Troutner, Thomas, m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; trans. to 4th Reg. U. S. Cav, No v. 30, 1862.
 Troutner, George W., m. i. s. March 4, 1864; trans. to Co. A Oct. 18, 1864 .
 Thompson, John H., m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; died, date unknown date, of wounds received at Stone River, Tenn., Jan. 2, 1863.
 Wilson, Thomas, m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; died near Nashville, Tenn., March 15, 1862.
 Yingst, Henry E., m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; trans. to Vet. Reserve corps July 1, 1862.
 Yount, Daniel, m. i. s. Oct. 12, 1861; trans. to Vet. Reserve corps Aug. 1, 1862.
 Yount, Jacob, m. i. s. Sept. 12, 1862; died at Louisville, Ky., Nov. 25, 1 863; buried Nat. Cem., sec A, range, 28, grave 10.
  Visit the 78th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry Memorial Park
 http://www.pa-roots.com/pacw/infantry/paregimentsnew3.html
  Once they walked among us, laughing, yelling, whispering, keeping watch. We knew them. We spoke to them. We took them by the hand. We loved them. They were our friends, our families, our heroes. Now, in the crumbled earth, they are our memories, remaining in this world if not visible to it. They wait for us along their shaded avenues; secluded as only urban dwellers can know seclusion among the many, within the perplexing grids laid out by those in whose care the remembrance of their history -- of their existence -- we have entrusted our dead. As we walk among the temples, towers, and stone blocks which are their witness in this time after their time, a rushing wind may stir their voices. The voices come not from the grave, but from within our own, quick, flesh-encased bones. The murmurs we hear are the murmurs of those we have lost made part of us....
  William Becket (First_Last)
 Regiment Name 4 U.S. Cav.
 Side Union
 Company M
 Soldier's Rank In
 Soldier's Rank Out
 Alternate Name
 Notes
 Film Number M233 roll 27
  4th Reg. U. S. Cav.
  FOURTH UNITED STATES CAVALRY. The Fourth United States Cavalry regiment, one of the most effective units of the United States Army against Indians on the Texas frontier, was organized on March 26, 1855, at Jefferson Barracks, Missouri, as the First Cavalry Regiment. It was redesignated on August 3, 1861, as the Fourth United States Cavalry. Its first commanders were Col. Edwin V. Sumner and Lt. Col. Joseph E. Johnston. From 1855 to 1861 the First Cavalry served against hostile Plains Indians, sought to keep peace between the opposing factions in Kansas, and fought against Confederates in Missouri, Arkansas, and Indian Territory. In 1861-62 two companies served with distinction in Virginia before being reunited with the regiment in Tennessee. The regiment fought gallantly and continuously in the western theater from Shiloh to Macon.
  In August 1865 the Fourth Cavalry was sent to Texas. At various times during the next thirteen years units of its twelve companies occupied the military posts between the Rio Grande and Jacksboro and between San Antonio and San Angelo. Before 1871 the operations of the regiment were limited to guarding the mail and settlements against Indians and to desultory attempts to overtake bands of Indian raiders. Col. Lawrence Pike Graham never led a major campaign, and none of the regiment's fourteen skirmishes with Indians was of major significance.
  In December 1870 Col. Ranald S. Mackenzie was given command of the Fourth Cavalry, with orders to put a stop to Comanche and Kiowa raids along the Texas frontier. On February 25, 1871, Mackenzie took command of the Fourth Cavalry at Fort Concho. A month later he moved the headquarters of the regiment to Fort Richardson, near Jacksboro; companies of the Fourth remained at Fort Griffin and Fort Concho. In May, while Gen. William T. Sherman, commander in chief of the army, was at Fort Richardson, the Kiowas brutally mutilated some teamsters with a wagon train on nearby Salt Creek Prairie [WARREN WAGON TRAIN RAID) A few days later at Fort Sill, Sherman had three leaders of the raid, Satanta, Satank, and Big Tree, arrested and had Mackenzie return them to Jacksboro for trial for murder. On the way a trooper killed Satank when he tried to escape; Satanta and Big Tree were sentenced to life imprisonment.
  In August Mackenzie led an expedition into Indian Territory against the Comanches and Kiowa who had left the agency, but he was later ordered to return to Texas. He then led eight companies of the Fourth Cavalry and two companies of the Eleventh Infantry, about 600 men, in search of Quahadi Comanches, who had refused to go onto the reservation and were plundering the Texas frontier. On October 10 he skirmished with a group in Blanco Canyon, near the site of present Crosbyton, but the entire band escaped across the plains. The following summer Mackenzie, with six companies of the Fourth Cavalry, renewed his search for the Quahadis. After establishing his supply camp on the Freshwater Fork of the Brazos (now the White River) southeast of present Crosbyton, Mackenzie with five companies of cavalry followed a cattle trail across the unexplored High Plains into New Mexico and returned by another well-watered Comanchero road from Fort Bascom, near the site of present Tucumcari, New Mexico, to the site of present Canyon. At the head of 222 cavalrymen on September 29 he surprised and destroyed Chief Mow-way's village of Quahadi and Kotsoteka Comanches on the North Fork of the Red River about six miles east of the site of present Lefors. An estimated fifty-two Indians were killed and 124 captured, with a loss of three cavalrymen killed and three wounded. For almost a year both the Kiowa and Comanches remained at peace.
  In March 1873 Mackenzie and five companies (A, B, C, E, and K) of the Fourth Cavalry were transferred to Fort Clark with orders to put an end to the Mexican-based Kickapoo and Apache depredations in Texas, which had cost an alleged $48 million. On May 18, 1873, Mackenzie, with five companies of the Fourth Cavalry, surprised and burned three villages of the raiders near Remolino, Coahuila; the cavalrymen killed nineteen Indians and captured forty-one, with a loss of one trooper killed and two wounded. The soldiers recrossed the Rio Grande into Texas at daybreak the next morning, some of the men having ridden an estimated 160 miles in forty-nine hours. the raid and an effective system of border patrols brought temporary peace to the area.
  When the Southern Plains Indians opened the Red River War in June 1874, the Grant administration discarded its Quaker peace policy and authorized the military to take control of the reservations and subdue all hostile Indians. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan, commander of the Division of the Missouri, ordered five military expeditions to converge on their hideouts along the upper Red River country. In the ensuing campaign the Fourth Cavalry was the most successful. On September 26-27 it staved off a Comanche attack at the head of Tule Canyon and on the morning of September 28 descended by a narrow trail to the bottom of Palo Duro Canyon. There it completely destroyed five Comanche, Kiowa, and Cheyenne villages, including large quantities of provisions, and captured 1,424 horses and mules, of which 1,048 were slaughtered at the head of Tule Canyon. Afterward, Mackenzie, with detachments of the regiment, made two other expeditions onto the High Plains. On November 3, near the site of Tahoka, in their last fight with the Comanches, the cavalrymen killed two and captured nineteen. In spring 1875 Mackenzie and the units of the Fourth Cavalry from various posts in Texas were sent to Fort Sill to take control of the Southern Plains Indians.
  Meanwhile, the Indians in Mexico had renewed their marauding in Texas. In 1878 General Sherman, at the insistence of the Texans, transferred Mackenzie and six companies of the Fourth Cavalry to Fort Clark. This time Mackenzie led a larger and more extensive expedition into Mexico, restored a system of patrols, and reestablished peace in the devastated region of South Texas.
  Outside Texas, Mackenzie and the Fourth Cavalry administered and controlled the Kiowa-Comanche and the Cheyenne-Arapaho reservations for several years, and after the annihilation of George A. Custer's command on the Little Big Horn in June 1876 forced Red Cloud and his band of Sioux and the Northern Cheyenne's to surrender. In the autumn of 1879 Mackenzie with six companies of the Fourth Cavalry subdued the hostile Utes in Southern Colorado without firing a shot and in August 1880 forced them to move to a reservation in Utah. Immediately thereafter, the Fourth Cavalry was transferred to Arizona, where Mackenzie was to assume full command of all military forces in the department and subdue the hostile Apaches. Within less than a month the Apaches had surrendered or fled to Mexico, and on October 30 Mackenzie and the Fourth Cavalry were transferred to the new District of New Mexico. By November 1, 1882, when W. B. Royall replaced Mackenzie as colonel, the Fourth Cavalry had forced the White Mountain Apaches, Jicarillas, Navajos, and Mescalero's to remain peacefully on their respective reservations.
  From 1884 to 1886 the Fourth Cavalry operated against the Apaches in Arizona. In 1890 the regimental headquarters was moved to Walla Walla, Washington. During World War I the Fourth Cavalry remained in the United States in case hostilities should erupt along the Mexican border. In 1942 the unit was reorganized and redesignated the Fourth Cavalry Mechanized and sent to Europe, where it participated throughout the remainder of World War II. Afterward in Vietnam the unit served with undiminished valor.
  BIBLIOGRAPHY: James M. Merrill, Spurs to Glory: The Story of the U.S. Cavalry (Chicago: Rand McNally 1966) Ernest Wallace, Ranald S. Mackenzie on the Texas Frontier (Lubbock: West Texas Museum Association, 1964)


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