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a.
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Note: "Arnd Janssen Gerdes came to the U.S. c. 1869. He was 17 years old. He came by himself to keep from being drafted in the German Army during the Franco-Prussian War. He had no money and was a stowaway. When he was caught, he was made to work in the kitchen. When they landed in Baltimore, Md., he worked his way to Monticellow, Iowa, where there were relatives. His mother and other children came over later on. He could read German and talk and write some English. He never went to school."
-- notes of Lucille Read
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