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Note: N1 Note: Jose Maria Zalvidea (1780-1846) was also the name of a well known priest at the San Gabriel Mission from 1806-1826. This Jose Maria�s surname in Census is always spelled as Salvadilla or some derivation always with an �S�
Note: Zalvidea not found in Mission records posted on the Huntington Library website.
Note: 1910 census lists wife a Deloras Crispin, this is a mistake on the census roll, she is widow in 1911.
as Jose Maria Salvadello (except as noted):
1900 U. S. Indian Census, Highland Twp, San Bernardino Co., Serano Reservation as Jose Salvadeo, b. 1834, tribe Serano, parents Serano.
1904 U. S. Indian Census, San Manuel Reservation, San Jacinto Training School Agency
1905 U. S. Indian Census, San Manuel Reservation, San Jacinto Training School Agency
1907 U. S. Indian Census, San Manuel Reservation, San Jacinto Agency with son.
1910 U. S. Indian Census, San Manuel Reservation, Malki Agency and son Jose Salvadello.
1910 US Census, not Indian Schedule; Highland, San Bernardino, California as Jose M Salvedelle, b. abt 1828, widowed with son, race Indian Cahuilla, parents Cahuilla.
1911 U. S. Indian Census, San Manuel Reservation, Malki Agency with son.
1913 U. S. Indian Census, San Manuel Reservation, Malki Agency with son.
1914 U. S. Indian Census, San Manuel Reservation, Malki Agency with son.
1915 U. S. Indian Census, San Manuel Reservation, Malki Agency with; notation of death.
The following (also photo) is from "The First Angelinos - The Gabrielino Indians of Los Angeles" by William McCawley; Malki Museum Press, 1996; pgs 17 - 18:
JOS� MARIA ZALVIDEA
Jos� Zalvidea worked with a number of researchers including Kroeber, Merriam, and Harrington. Zalvidea was living at Highland in San Bernardino County when he was interviewed by Kroeber; at that time Zalvidea was in poor health and �so feeble that it was only possible to question him for a short time.�
Merriam interviewed and photographed Zalvidea at the San Manuel Indian Reservation near San Bernardino. According to Merriam, Zalvidea could not speak Gabrielino, and �his talk is mainly Mar�-ring-i-yum �Serrano� with a sprinkling of Cahuilla.�
Harrington worked with Zalvidea from 1914 to 1917. Zalvidea is identified by a bewildering array of names which include: Jos� Varojo, Jos� Verrujas, Guorojos, Jos� Sevaldeo, and Joe San-wu-da�-yah. Some of these may be variant spellings of his lineage name (Kroeber 1907:70; 1909: 251; Mills and Brickfield 1986:69-71; Merriam n.d.c).
Zalvidea was one of the most informative Gabrielino consultants. His family (on his father�s side) was of the wor�mmoyam lineage; according to Zalvidea the lineage name refers to his grandfather and �is . . . not a placename. . . . It means they came without a blanket or anything.� Zalvidea reported that his father was born and lived on Santa Catalina Island, although he himself was raised in the San Gabriel Valley; Zalvidea also reported that he had ancestors who were from the coast near Santa Monica and Topanga. His mother�s name was Nolberta, and he had several brothers: Luis (his older brother); Pedro (a younger brother); Jos�, who lived in Oklahoma; and Pete, who had died by the time of the Harrington interviews (ca. 1914-1917). Jos� Zalvidea also had a sister who had died at San Gabriel sometime prior to his interviews with Harrington (Kroeber 1907:70; Harrington 1986: R102 F25, 114, 378, 654, R103 F415, 449, R105 F467; Merriam n.d.c).
The data provided by Zalvidea have a special significance because of family ties that appear to link him with two Gabrielino Indians mentioned by Reid in 1852. As noted above, Reid described a Gabrielino tomyaar (and shaman) named Canoa who was from Santa Catalina Island; according to Zalvidea, Canoa was his relative on his father�s side. Zalvidea reported to Harrington that �Josefa, [was the] daughter of old kano�0 [Canoa], [and] lives at Colton. Kano�0 was a Santa Catalina Indian� and �Josefa . . . is a relative of Z. . . . on Z�s father�s side. . . the rancho of Josefa was k�nkina and �atavjaa [Kiinkenga and �Aataveanga were Gabrielino communities located on the Palos Verdes peninsula].� Harrington went on to note that �Crist�bela of S. G. [San Gabriel] was Z�s sobrina [niece]. . . She has Josefa, daughter of old kano� . . Kano� is Ind. of pimu�na [Indian of Pemuu�nga or Catalina]� (Reid 1852:27; Harrington 1986: R102 F658, R103 F41).
Another Gabrielino mentioned by Reid was a woman by the name of Bona who resided at San Gabriel. According to Harrington, �Bona is Z�s [Zalvidea�s] paternal grandmother�s elder sister. She died very old� (Harrington 1986: R103 F41).
Was Jos� Zalvidea aware of Reid�s research? Perhaps, although Harrington noted only that �Z. [Zalvidea] knew Reid. Vitoria was Reid�s wife� (Harrington 1986:R102 F659). Nonetheless, it seems quite possible that Jos� Zalvidea may have obtained some of his information from the same sources consulted by Reid during the mid-1800s.
References:
Harrington, John P.
1986 John P. Harrington Papers, Vol. 3: Southern California/Basin. Smithsonian Institution, National Anthropological Archives, Washington, Microfilm edition, Kraus International Publications, Millwood, New York: R102 F25, F114, F378, F654; R103, F41, F415, F449; R105 F467.
Kroeber, A. L.
1907 Shoshonean Dialects of California. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 4(3): 65-166. Berkeley. (reprinted, Kraus Reprint Corporation, New York, 1964.): 70.
1909: Notes on Shoshonean Dialects of California. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(5):235-269. Berkeley: 251.
Merriam, C. Hart
n.d.c. Unpublished fieldnotes of Interviews with Gabrielino Informant Jose Zalvidea, May-June 1933, [date apparently refers to date of notes prepared, not death of informant] �California journal� Box 17, pp. 52, 63, 64. Ms on file, Library of Congress Washington, D. C.
Mills, Elaine L., and Ann J. Brickfield
1986 The Papers of John P. Harrington in the Smithsonian Institution, 1907-1957, Vol. 3: A Guide to the Fieldnotes: Native American History, Language and Culture of Southern California/Basin. Kraus International Publications, White Plains, New York: 69-71;
Reid, Hugo
1852 Los Angeles County Indians. Los Angeles Star 1(41)-2(11) 21 February - 24 July. (Reprinted, The Indians of Los Angeles County: Hugo Reid�s Letter of 1852, edited and annotated by Robert F. Heizer. Southwest Museum, Los angeles, 1968.): 27
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