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Note: There is a legend that Fradel Feigen- bojm recalls hearing as a child whereby a grandfather, perhaps, Yaakov Leib, participated in thePovstanya (1863), was arrested by the Russian forces and decapitated. Thefamily was forbidden to live anywhere in the area where his head may have rolledafter his execution. I now have confirmed the name of Meir Faigenbaum's father and havelearned his mother's name for the first time. Meir's father's namewas (as I had predicted from using a comparative genealogical method)"Leib" or "Leibko" (as the Poles were accustomed to write it.) Thatmeans that I carry his name. This information comes from Meir'smarriage certificate [Biala Podlaska, Marriage Records for 1871,Certificate Ordered]. That document also mentions a second name forLeib which is puzzling. The record is in Russian and the name is??????? or ???????? or I could be misreading it altogether. It isunusual to find a second name like this. It might be a nickname or itmight indicate that Leib may have had a different last name thanFaigenbaum earlier in his life. I will be able to know more when Iget a copy of the record to study. Grandma related to me a story thather greatgrandfather (i.e. Leib) had participated in the 1863Powstanie or Polish rebellion against the Russians and had paid withhis head. Perhaps the nickname refers to this in which case it may bea badge of shame attached by the Russians. According to Grandma thefamily was forbidden by tradition to live within the area that Leib'shead was supposed to have rolled after his decapitation. 15 May 2003 -LMZ Trip to Polish State Archives in Lublin. Note there is a death record for Leibko Fajgenbaum from 1896. Akt 52.Query is this Meir Fajgenbaum's father and the story of therevolutionary is either a myth or relates to someone else? The January Uprising was the beginning of the new uprising againstRussian rule in the former territories of the Polish-LithuanianCommonwealth, occupied by tsarist Russian Empire during the partitionsof Poland. It begun on the night of January 22, 1863 as a spontaneousprotest of young Poles against the draft to Russian army. The uprisingwas soon joined by various politicians and high ranking Polishofficers from the tsarist army. The insurrectionists, severlyoutnumbered and lacking any serious outside support, were forced toresort to guerrilla warfare tactics. The insurrectionists failed towin any major military victory, and throughout the campaign, not onemajor city or fotress in Russian-occupied Poland was recaptured. Theuprising did, however, succeed in blunting the effect of the Tsar'sabolition of serfdom in the Russian partition, which had been designedto win Polish peasants away from supporting the rest of the Polishnation. In the aftermath of the uprising, severe reprisals against thePoles, such as public executions or deportations to Siberia, led manyPoles to abandon armed struggle and turn instead to the idea of"organic work" - the economic and cultural self-improvement. 1863 -Polonia by Jan Matejko This image has been released into the publicdomain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it isineligible for copyright. ... 1863 - Polonia by Jan Matejko This imagehas been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, itscopyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... 1863 isa common year starting on Thursday. ... Motto: none Voivodship LesserPoland Municipal government Rada miasta Krak?w Mayor Jacek MajchrowskiArea 326,8 km� Population - city - urban - density 757,500 (2004est. ... Siberia Siberia (Russian: ???????, common Englishtransliterations: Sibir, Sibir; possibly from the Mongolian for thecalm land) is a vast region of Russia and northern Kazakhstanconstituting almost all of northern Asia. ... Fetters, shackles or legirons are a kind of physical restraint used on the feet or ankles. ...Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Tsar(Bulgarian ???, Russian ????, listen; often spelled Czar or Tzar andsometimes Csar or Zar in English), was the title used for theautocratic rulers of the First and Second Bulgarian Empires since 913,in Serbia in the middle of the 14th century, and in Russia from 1547to... Imperial Russia is the term used to cover the period of Russianhistory from the expansion of Russia under Peter the Great, throughthe expansion of the Russian Empire from the Baltic to the PacificOcean, to the deposal of Nicholas II of Russia, the last tsar, at thestart... The Partitions of Poland ( Polish Rozbi?r or Rozbiory Polski)happened in the 18th century and ended the existence of a sovereignstate of Poland (or more correctly the Polish-LithuanianCommonwealth). ... January 22 is the 22nd day of the year in theGregorian Calendar. ... 1863 is a common year starting on Thursday.... The word draft (also draught) has multiple meanings: The draft isa synonym for conscription or peacetime national service. ...Guerrilla (also called a partisan) is a term borrowed from Spanish(from guerra meaning war) used to describe small combat groups. ...Costumes of Slaves or Serfs, from the Sixth to the Twelfth Centuries,collected by H. de Vielcastel, from original Documents in the greatLibraries of Europe. ... Deportation is the expelling of someone froma country. ... Siberia Siberia (Russian: ???????, common Englishtransliterations: Sibir, Sibir; possibly from the Mongolian for thecalm land) is a vast region of Russia and northern Kazakhstanconstituting almost all of northern Asia. ... Contents 1 History 2 Famous insurgents 3 Trivia 4 See also History The uprising broke out at a moment when general quiet prevailed inEurope and in Russia, and when the Revolutionary Party had notsufficient means to arm and equip the bands of young men who werehiding in forests to escape Alexander Wielopolski's order ofconscription into the Russian army. Altogether about 10,000 menrallied around the revolutionary banner; they were recruited chieflyfrom the ranks of the city working classes and minor clerks, althoughthere was also a considerable admixture of the younger sons of thepoorer szlachta and a number of priests of lower rank. World mapshowing location of Europe A satellite composite image of EuropeEurope is geologically and geographically a peninsula, forming thewesternmost part of Eurasia. ... Revolutionary Party is the name ofseveral political parties, including, Dominican Republic - DominicanRevolutionary Party Guatemala - Guatemalan National RevolutionaryUnity Haiti - Revolutionary Progressive Nationalist Party of HaitiIndia - Democratic Revolutionary Peoples Party Laos - Lao PeoplesRevolutionary Party Mexico - Institutional Revolutionary PartyMongolia - Mongolian Peoples Revolutionary Party Panama -Democratic... Count Aleksander Wielopolski, head of Polands CivilAdministration within the Jews. ... Szlachta ( pronounced: [?laxta])was the noble class in Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth). ... To deal with these ill-armed bands the government had at its disposala well trained army of 90,000 men under General Ramsay in Poland, 60,000 troops in Lithuania and 45,000 in Volhynia. It looked as if therebellion would be crushed in a short while. The die was cast,however, and the provisional government applied itself to the greattask with fervor. It issued a manifesto in which it pronounced "allsons of Poland free and equal citizens without distinction of creed,condition and rank." It declared that land cultivated by the peasants,whether on the basis of rent-pay or service, henceforth should becometheir unconditional property, and compensation for it would be givento the landlords out of the general funds of the State. Therevolutionary government did its very best to supply and provision theunarmed and scattered guerrillas who, during the month of February,met the Russians in eighty bloody encounters. Meanwhile, it issued anappeal to the nations of western Europe, which was received everywherewith a genuine and heartfelt response, from Norway to Portugal. PopePius IX ordered a special prayer for the success of the Polish arms,and was very active in arousing sympathy for the suffering nation.Volhynia (Wo?y? in Polish; ??????, Volyn� in Ukrainian; also calledVolynia, Voly? in Czech) comprises the historic region in westernUkraine located between the rivers Pripyat and Western Bug. ... TheBlessed Pope Pius IX, born Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti, ( May 13,1792 � February 7, 1878) was pope for a record pontificate of over 31years, from June 16, 1846 until his death. ... The provisional government counted on a revolutionary outbreak inRussia, where the discontent with the autocratic regime seemed at thetime to be widely prevalent. It also counted on the active support ofNapoleon III, particularly after Prussia, foreseeing an inevitablearmed conflict with France, made friendly overtures to Russia andoffered her assistance in suppressing the Polish uprising. On the 14thday of February arrangements had already been completed, and theBritish Ambassador in Berlin was able to inform his government that aPrussian military envoy "has concluded a military convention with theRussian Government, according to which the two governments willreciprocally afford facilities to each other for the suppression ofthe insurrectionary movements which have lately taken place in Poland.The Prussian railways are also to he placed at the disposal of theRussian military authorities for the transportation of troops throughPrussian territory from one part of the Kingdom of Poland to another."This step of Bismarck's led to protests on the part of severalgovernments and roused the Polish nation. The result was thetransformation of the insignificant uprising into another national waragainst Russia. Encouraged by the promises made by Napoleon III, thewhole nation, acting upon the advice of Wladyslaw Czartoryski, the sonof Prince Adam, took to arms. Indicating their solidarity with thenation, all the Poles holding office under the Russian Government,including the Archbishop of Warsaw, resigned their positions andsubmitted to the newly constituted Polish Government, which wascomposed of five most prominent representatives of the Whites. CharlesLouis Napol?on Bonaparte (April 20, 1808 - January 9, 1873) was theson of King Louis Bonaparte and Queen Hortense de Beauharnais; bothmonarchs of the French puppet state, the Kingdom of Holland. ... Thecoat of arms of the Kingdom of Prussia, 1701-1918 The word Prussia(German: Preu?en or Preussen, Polish: Prusy, Lithuanian: Pr?sai,Latin: Borussia) has had various (often contradictory) meanings: Theland of the Baltic Prussians (in what is now parts of southernLithuania, the Kaliningrad exclave of Russia and... Berlin(pronounced: , German ) is the capital of Germany and its largestcity, with 3,426,000 inhabitants (as of January 2005); down from 4.... The state formed by Boleslaus I of Poland in 1025 during hiscoronation. ... Noble Family Czartoryski Coat of Arms CzartoryskiParents Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski Izabela Fleming Consorts Anna ZofiaSapieha Children with Anna Zofia Sapieha Witold Czartoryski W?adys?awCzartoryski Izabella El?bieta Czartoryska Date of Birth January 14,1770 Place of Birth Warsaw, Poland Date of Death July 15, 1861 Placeof Death Montfermeil... This transformation of the insurrection into a war changed the wholeaspect of the situation. An army of 30,000 men was soon organized andnew additions were made. The rich elements in the cities as well as inthe country offered large sums of money. The nobility of Galicia andthe Duchy of Pozna? supported the war with money, supplies and men.Lithuania rose under the command of Konstanty Kalinowski and soon theflame of war spread over Samogitia, Livonia, Belarus, Volhynia,Podolia and even in some places in Ukraine. The Kingdom of Galicia andLodomeria, or simply Galicia, was the largest and northernmostprovince of Austria from 1772 until 1918, with Lemberg (Lw?w, Lviv) asits capital city. ... Grand Duchy of Pozna? (Polish: Wielkie Ksi?stwoPozna?skie, German: Grossherzogtum Posen) was province of Prussia inthe Polish lands commonly known as Great Poland between the years1815-1849. ... Konstanty Kalinowski (also known under his Belarusianand Lithuanian names of ???????? ??????????? or Kastu? Kalino?ski andKostas Kalinauskas; 1838-1864) was a writer, journalist, lawyer andrevolutionist. ... Duchy of Samogitia was the western part ofLithuania Artistic picture of Zemaitija Duchy in 18th century. ...This article is about the region in Europe. ... Volhynia (Wo?y? inPolish; ??????, Volyn� in Ukrainian; also called Volynia, Voly? inCzech) comprises the historic region in western Ukraine locatedbetween the rivers Pripyat and Western Bug. ... The region of Podolia(Polish Podole, Ukrainian Podillya) lies in the west-central andsouth-west portions of present-day Ukraine. ... The diplomatic intervention of the Powers in behalf of Poland, notsustained, except in the case of Sweden, by a real determination ontheir part to do something effective for her, did more harm than good,as mere verbosity often does. It alienated Austria which hitherto hadmaintained a friendly neutrality with reference to Poland and had notinterfered with the Polish activities in Galicia. It prejudiced publicopinion among the radical groups in Russia who, until that time, hadbeen friendly because they regarded the uprising as of a social ratherthan a national character and it stirred the Russian Government tomore energetic endeavors toward the speedy suppression of hostilitieswhich were growing in strength and determination. The Kingdom ofGalicia and Lodomeria, or simply Galicia, was the largest andnorthernmost province of Austria from 1772 until 1918, with Lemberg(Lw?w, Lviv) as its capital city. ... Chapel in Vilna, erected to commemorate the crushing of the uprisingInaddition, to the thousands who fell in battles, 128 men were executedby Mikhail Muravyov's order, and 9,423 men and women were exiled toSiberia (2,500 men according to Russian sources). Whole villages andtowns were burned down; all activities were suspended and the szlachtawas ruined by confiscation and exorbitant taxes. Count Berg, the newlyappointed Governor-General of Poland, followed in Muravyov'sfootsteps, employing inhumanly harsh measures against the country. TheReds criticized the Conservative government for its reactionary policywith reference to the peasants but, deluded in its hopes by NapoleonIII, the Government counted on French support and persisted in itstactics. It was only after the highly respected and wise RomualdTraugutt took matters in hand that the aspect of the situation becamebrighter. He reverted to the policy of the first provisionalgovernment and endeavored to bring the peasant masses into activeparticipation by granting to them the land they worked and callingupon all classes to rise. The response was generous but not universal.The wise policy was adopted too late. The Russian Government hadalready been working among the peasants in the manner above describedand giving to them liberal parcels of land for the mere asking. Theywere completely satisfied, and though not interfering with therevolutionaries to any great extent, became lukewarm to them. Fightingcontinued intermittently for several months. Among the generals CountJoseph Hadke distinguished himself most as a commander of therevolutionary forces and took several cities from the vastly superiorRussian army. When Romuald Traugutt and the four other members of thePolish Government were apprehended by Russian troops and executed atthe Warsaw citadel, the war in the course of which six hundred andfifty battles and skirmishes were fought and twenty-five thousandPoles killed, came to a speedy end in the latter half of 1864, havinglasted for eighteen months. It is of interest to note that itpersisted in Zmudz and Podlasie, where the Uniate population, outragedand persecuted for their religious convictions, clung longest to therevolutionary banner. Mikhail Nikolayevich Muravyov may refer to thefollowing historical persons of the Imperial Russia. ... SiberiaSiberia (Russian: ???????, common English transliterations: Sibir,Sibir; possibly from the Mongolian for the calm land) is a vast regionof Russia and northern Kazakhstan constituting almost all of northernAsia. ... Szlachta ( pronounced: [?laxta]) was the noble class inPoland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania ( Polish-LithuanianCommonwealth). ... The uprising was finally crushed by Russia in 1864. 1864 was a leapyear starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Graves of January Uprising veterans in Pow?zki Cemetery in WarsawAfterthe collapse of the uprising, harsh reprisals followed. According toRussian official information, 396 persons were executed and 18,672were exiled to Siberia. Large numbers of men and women were sent tothe interior of Russia and to Caucasus, Urals and other sections.Altogether about 70,000 persons were imprisoned and subsequently takenout of Poland and stationed in the remote regions of Russia. Thegovernment confiscated 1,660 in Poland and 1,794 in Lithuania. A 10%income tax was imposed on all estates as a war indemnity. Only in 1869was this tax reduced to 5% on all incomes. Besides the land granted tothe peasants, the Russian Government gave them additional forest,pasture and other privileges (known under the name of servitutes)which have proven to be a source of incessant irritation between thelandowners and peasants, and of serious difficulty to rationaleconomic development. The government took over all the church estatesand funds, and abolished monasteries and convents. With the exceptionof religious instruction, all other studies in the schools wereordered to be in Russian. Russian also became the official language ofthe country, used exclusively in all offices of the general and localgovernment. All traces of the former Polish autonomy were removed andthe kingdom was divided into ten provinces, each with an appointedRussian military governor and all under complete control of theGovernor-General at Warsaw. All the former government functionarieswere deprived of their positions. Download high resolution version(2272x1704, 2824 KB)Self made File history Legend: (cur) = this is thecurrent file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to thisold version. ... Download high resolution version (2272x1704, 2824KB)Self made File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file,(del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version.... Powazki Cemetery Pow?zki Cemetery (Polish Cmentarz pow?zkowski) isthe oldest and most famous cemetery in Warsaw, Poland, which issituated in the western part of the city. ... Warsaw (Polish:Warszawa, see also other names, in full The Capital City of Warsaw,Polish: Miasto Sto?eczne Warszawa) is the capital of Poland and itslargest city. ... Siberia Siberia (Russian: ???????, common Englishtransliterations: Sibir, Sibir; possibly from the Mongolian for thecalm land) is a vast region of Russia and northern Kazakhstanconstituting almost all of northern Asia. ... The Caucasus is a regionin Eastern Europe between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea whichincludes the Caucasus mountains and surrounding lowlands. ... The UralMountains, (Russian: ?????????? ????? = ?????) also known simply asthe Urals, are a mountain range that run roughly north and souththrough western Russia. ... 1869 is a common year starting on Friday(link will take you to calendar). ... Famous insurgents W?adys?aw Niegolewski (1819-1885) was a Polish libeal politician andmember of parliament, insurgent in Greater Poland Uprising 1846,Greater Poland Uprising 1848 i January Uprising 1863, cofounder ofCentral Economic Society (TCL) in 1861 and People's Libraries Society(CTG) in 1880. W?adys?aw Niegolewski ( 1819- 1885) was a Polish liberal politicianand member of parliament, insurgent in Greater Poland Uprising 1846,Greater Poland Uprising 1848 and January Uprising 1863, cofounder ofCentral Economic Society (TCL) in 1861 and Peoples Libraries Society(CTG) in 1880. ... 1819 was a common year starting on Friday (see linkfor calendar). ... 1885 is a common year starting on Thursday. ...Greater Poland Uprising of 1846 (Polish: powstanie wielkopolskie 1846roku) was a planned military insurrection of the Polish people in theGreater Poland region against the occupying Prussian forces, designedto be a part of the all-Polish uprising in the 3 partitions of Poland,against the Russians, Austrians and... Greater Poland Uprising of 1848(Polish: powstanie wielkopolskie 1848 roku) was a militaryinsurrection of the Polish people in the Grand Duchy of Pozna? (or theGreater Poland region) against the occupying Prussian forces, duringthe Spring of Nations period. ... The Central Economic Society for theGrand Duchy of Pozna? (Polish: Centralne Towarzystwo Gospodarcze dlaWielkiego Ksi?stwa Pozna?skiego) was an social-economic organizationof Polish landowners in Greater Poland region (at this time called theGrand Duchy of Pozna? established at the meeting on 21-22 February1861 as a... Peoples Libraries Society (Polish: Towarzystwo CzytelniLudowych, TLC) was an educational society established in 1880 for thePrussian partition of Poland (active in the regions of Greater Polandor the Grand Duchy of Poznan, Pomerania, West Prussia, and Silesia).... Trivia In the initial draft ot Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Sea, CaptainNemo was a Polish noble whose family had been brutally murdered duringthe uprising. The editor Pierre-Jules Hetzel made Jules Verne obscureNemo's motivation in the final version. This is Google's cache ofhttp://www.archiwa.gov.pl/memory/sub_listakrajowa/index.php?va_lang=en&fileid=018. It is a snapshot of the page as it appeared on 27 Jul2008 16:00:04 GMT. The current page could have changed in themeantime. Learn more � Text-only versionThese search terms are highlighted: polish uprising1863 These terms only appear in links pointing to this page: manifest ?The Records of the Polish Underground State, 1863-1864 from the collections of the Central Archives of Historical Records in Warsaw (Archiwum G??wne Akt Dawnych, ul. D?uga 7, 00-263Warszawa) The Central Committee as a Temporary National Government. Call to armsfor the freedom of the fatherland of 22 January 1863 The January Uprising 1863-1864 The January Uprising was organised against Russia, which controlled avast area of what used to be the Republic of Poland and Lithuaniabefore the partitions of the 18th century. The national authorities ofthe "secret Polish state" formed during the period of the JanuaryUprising came into being as a direct result of the actions of thepatriotic movement which began in 1856 in the Russian occupied part ofPoland and spread later to the Austrian and Prussian occupied parts ofthe country. The movement was created by self-organising of varioussocial groups. It was divided into two camps, namely the Red and theWhite one, which established their own secret organisations. TheWhites, founded in 1861, were led by the National Directorate.Landowners and intelligentsia prevailed in that camp, whereas the Redscalled the National Organisation gathered mostly radical youth fromthe working class, intelligentsia, and students and pupils. Decree calling on the people of Ukraine to take part in the uprisingand announcing their ownership of the land Their main goal was to regain independence through armed resistancecombined with social reforms and especially distributing land topeasants. In 1861 the Reds set up the so-called City Committee, whichbecame the Central National Committee in June 1862. One of its memberswas Jaros?aw D?browski who was arrested in August of the same year.Subsequently, D?browski became the leader of the Commune of Paris. Thecommittee performed the functions of a Polish government as the only"legal" authority. The national Government addresses the nation - Call to arms on theanniversary of the beginning of the uprising On January 15th, 1863 it took the decision to begin an uprising,changed its name into the Provisional National Government, issued amanifesto to the nation and chose Ludwik Mieros?awski as its dictator.In March 1863 the Whites joined the uprising and in May a decree wasissued in which the name of the government was changed into theNational Government. Its seal featured three emblems: of the Crown(i.e. Poland), Lithuania and Ruthenia. A special role in the uprisingwas played by the central national authorities in Warsaw but theuprising also spread over Lithuania, Galicia (under Austrianoccupation) and the Pozna? province (under Prussian occupation). Inall those places new committees and organs of the independentauthorities were established. Farewell letter of Roman ?uli?ski written before his execution on theslopes of the citadel in Warsaw In October 1863 Romuald Traugutt took over power but the uprisinglasted only throughout winter. In February 1864 the last sizablePolish units were destroyed and in April Traugutt was arrested. He wasthen executed together with a group of other leaders in the WarsawCitadel in August 1864. In December 1864 the last governor of WarsawAleksander Waszkowski was arrested and his arrest became the final actof the functioning of the independent state administration during thetwo and a half years of the uprising. Report of 1st November 1863 of the government commissioner for theSandomierz voievodship concerning the supply of arms andadministrative and military matters In all, 1229 battles and skirmishes were fought during the uprisingby around two hundred thousand volunteers. As a direct result of thefailure of the January Uprising the so-called Kingdom of Poland wasdeprived of its autonomy, schools were brought under Russian rule,estates of those who took part in the uprising were confiscated andmass deportations to Siberia took place. However, the uprising playedan important role in the strengthening of national awareness andshowed the administrative skills of its leaders whose decrees wereobserved by the majority of Polish society. During the uprisingunderground press was distributed, taxes were collected, communicationlinks were established, and gendarmerie and counter-intelligence wereformed. In comparison to other uprisings or revolutionary actions theJanuary Uprising was of a unique character as it was supported by theactivities of an independent state. Appeal to European governments asking them to desist from supportingRussia. 31st July 1863 The January Uprising of 1863 experienced a show of solidaritythroughout Europe, especially among the Balkan nations (many peoplevolunteered to fight in Poland) but the expected foreign interventionand official help of other countries did not come. Despite the factthat the uprising failed, the underground state formed the identity ofthe next generations, which continued work aimed at preparing thestructures of a future independent state formed fifty years later in1918. The archives of the uprising The documents produced in 1863 - 1864 show the phenomenon of theorganisation and functioning of an underground state with its powersand law. The collection of documents features 216 archival units fromthe period of the January Uprising but constitutes only a part of theoriginal resources most of which were destroyed during WWII. Itincludes among others the records of the Provisional Government,governors of cities and regions, police, delegates of the governmentand local military authorities as well as manifestoes, poems, songs,iconographic materials and maps. Dorota Lewandowska The leader for the town of Wilno (Vilnius) issues a warning to thepublic concerning spies and agents provacateurs Text of the oath taken by those joining the national organization
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