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Continued: Martin Jude was also known as Martin Frederick. His parents were John
Jude and Mary "Polly" (Stotts) of the New River Valey in Virginia.
The 1810 Surry Co., NC census shows the household for "John Jude"
included males: 2 <10, 1 10-15, 1 = or >45 and females: 1 = or >45.
Consequently, John Jude and his wife Mary, also known as Polly, were both
born before 1765. They had two sons John and Peter who were born between
1801 and 1810 or about 1805 and another son Martin who was born between
1795 and 1800 or about 1798. John Jude's nearest neighbor was Peter
Stotts. The census shows the household for "Peter Stots" included males:
1 = or >45 and females: 1 <10, 1 16-25, 1 = or >45. Consequently, Peter
Stotts and his wife were both born before 1765.
The 1820 Grayson Co., VA census shows the household for "Polly Jude"
included males: 2 10-15, 1 16-25 and females: 1 = or >45. Consequently,
Polly was born on or before 1775 and her oldest son Martin was born
between 1795 and 1804 or about 1800 and her other sons John and Peter
were born between 1805 and 1810 or about 1808. When Polly's son Peter
married in Pike Co., KY in 1831, "Mary Frederick" gave permission for her
son "Peter Frederick" to get married. Polly is a nickname for Mary.
1840 Pike County Kentucky census: Martin Frederick males: 1m <5, 1m 40-50
females: 1 5-10, 1 30-40. Consequently, Martin was born between between
1790 and 1800 or about 1795 and his wife was born between 1800 and 1810
or about 1805.
1850 Greenup County Kentucky census:
Martin Frederick 50 Virginia
Ruanna 40 Virginia
John 13 Ohio
Rebecca 9 Kentucky
Margaret Smith 17 Kentucky
Benjamin Dixon 13 Ohio
A summary of the Frederick or Jude family is found below:
There are primarily two major branches of the JUDE family in America.
According to census records, one branch emigrated from Ireland to America
and arrived in the state of Maine before eventually settling in the state
of Minnesota. The other considerably larger branch appears to have
English origins and eventually settled along the Tug River Valley in
Eastern Kentucky and Southwestern West Virginia. This branch is known as
the FREDERICK or JUDE family. Even though the surname JUDE is the
original surname of the FREDERICK or JUDE family of the Tug River Valley,
the surname FREDERICK was used as an alias by this family for
approximately 100 years between 1820 and 1920 before this family finally
decided to permanently switch back to using the original JUDE surname.
The FREDERICK surname is German and was originally spelled "FRIEDRICH".
Sources suggest JUDE may be English. Early records from the seventeenth
century show a high concentration of the JUDE family located near the
city of Newcastle upon Tyne, which today is known as Newcastle and is one
of England's largest cities. It is located in the county of
Northumberland, which is England's most northern county. Even though
there are records showing the JUDE surname in other parts of England, it
appears the JUDE family of Northumberland are the progenitors of the JUDE
family that eventually settled in America along the Tug River Valley of
Eastern Kentucky and Southwestern West Virginia. These descendants can
trace their origins to the three sons of John JUDE, Sr. who was born
before 1765. Those sons included John FREDERICK or JUDE, Jr., Martin &
Peter. More specifically, those members of the JUDE family who live or
have relatives in Martin County, Kentucky, are descendants of John, Jr.
He was a renowned pioneer of the Tug River Valley born about 1800
somewhere in the New River Valley, possibly in Surry Co., North Carolina.
There is not very much information about John Jr's parents. They lived
in the New River Valley and their names were John Jude and Mary (Stotts)
who was also known as Polly. Apparently, John, Sr. died while his
children were quite young and his widow remarried an unidentified German
immigrant whose last name was FREDERICK or FRIEDRICH. John Jr's
biological father, John JUDE, Sr., is recorded on the 1810 Surry Co., NC
census as John JUDE. This is the earliest record found that pertains to
this family in America. According to this record, John was listed as
more than 45 years old indicating he was born before 1765. Ten years
later, John Sr's widow, Mary or "Polly" is recorded on the 1820 Grayson
Co., VA census as "Polly Jude". She was listed on this census as head of
the household which indicates her husband may have died before the census
was taken in 1820. Grayson Co., VA and Surry Co., NC are neighboring
counties and the New River flows through Grayson County. Also, both
censuses indicated there were three sons. Those three sons would have
been John, Jr. and his brothers Martin & Peter.
Since Polly's new husband helped to raise her sons after her husband
died, all three brothers assumed their stepfather's FREDERICK surname.
Martin's descendants continue to use the surname FREDERICK. Peter did
not use the FREDERICK surname very long and suddenly switched back to
JUDE and his descendants continue to use the surname JUDE. Information
suggests that John, Jr. assumed his stepfather's FREDERICK surname
between 1820 and 1825 and according to legend, he came to Eastern
Kentucky from the New River Valley area of Virginia and the Carolinas
with fellow traveler Moses Stepp. Even though John, Jr. assumed his
stepfather's surname, he apparently became closely associated with the
family of Revolutionary War veteran Moses STEPP, who was another renowned
pioneer of the Tug River Valley. In fact, one source states John, Jr.
was considered a foster son of Moses STEPP. The exact reason for this
close relationship has not yet been confirmed, but there may be a
connection through the Jackson family suggesting John Jr. may have been
related to Moses' wife Sally (Jackson) Stepp. In fact, according to
noted family historian Clyde "Cecil" Fields, John Jude was "a son of a
Jackson and was related to President Andrew Jackson". If the preceding
quote was referring to John's mother, then Moses' wife Sally could have
been John's aunt on his mother's side. This would suggest that Sally and
Mary were sisters and Mary's maiden name was Mary "Polly" Jackson.
According to family tradition, John Jr. often traveled with Moses Stepp
into the wilderness looking for new hunting grounds and it was on one of
these hunting trips that they came to Eastern Kentucky. Even though
John, Jr. assumed the FREDERICK surname in about 1825, most of his
descendants did not decide to permanently change their surname back to
Jude until about one hundred years later.
John, Jr. became a lumberjack. He was a large man who was well known for
his enormous strength and his exceptional skills in this occupation.
Stories have been handed down for many generations describing his
participation in various occupational endeavors including barn raisings.
He was also a very competitive person and was very active in barrel
lifting contests and even fighting with bears. Also, whenever he was
challenged to a brawl he would never refuse to participate and gained a
reputation for his fearless determination and strong will. This trait
has become part of John Jr's legacy and anyone who is familiar with this
family, knows how prevalent it is among his descendants.
Using his skills as a lumberjack, John, Jr. settled the brushy, pristine
wilderness of southern Martin County, KY along Wolf Creek. Due to his
fierce determination, he was able to prosper in a very rugged environment
and established strong ties within his community. In addition to his
association with Moses STEPP, he also established strong ties with the
family of James RUTHERFORD and became a large landowner and raised a
large family with several members who married in the RUTHERFORD family.
Later, the family of Civil War Veteran Isaac MAYNARD, Sr. became closely
associated with the JUDE family. The MAYNARD family was the largest
family in the area and maintained a very close relationship with the JUDE
family. In fact, Isaac MAYNARD, Sr. had 5 children who married in the
JUDE family including three of Isaac's daughters who married grandsons of
John, Jr as well as one son who married a granddaughter of John, Jr. and
another son who married a great-granddaughter of John, Jr. The MAYNARD
and JUDE families have maintained a very close relationship for more than
100 years, which has also resulted in many other intermarriages among
these two families. The last time John FREDERICK or JUDE, Jr. appeared
on a census was in 1880. On the 1880 Pike Co., KY census, he was
recorded as "John Frederick" and stated that his father was born in
Germany. Since FREDERICK is a German surname, John, Jr. was probably
referring to his stepfather.
Even though most of the descendants of John FREDERICK or JUDE, Jr. use
the JUDE surname, there is one branch of this family who continues to use
the FREDERICK surname Apparently, John FREDERICK or JUDE, IV, son of
John FREDERICK or JUDE, III and Sarah "Sally" RUTHERFORD, was involved in
a family altercation and moved away from his family in Martin Co. and
settled just west of Martin Co., KY in Morgan Co., KY near the Licking
River and kept the FREDERICK surname.
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