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Note: Robert II (of France)
Robert II (of France), called Robert the Pious (970?-1031), king ofFrance (996-1031), the son of King Hugh Capet, born in Orléans, and educated at Reims under the French scholar Gerbert, who later became Pope Sylvester II. In 996 Robert married, as his second wife, his cousin Bertha of Burgundy. Two years later Pope Gregory V excommunicated him and annulled this marriage, which was considered incestuous by the church; in1003 Robert submitted to the pope and married the daughter of the marquis of Provence, Constance of Arles, by whom he had four sons. He recognized Hugh, the eldest of these sons, as his successor. After Hugh's death in1025, the other sons, aided by their mother, revolted; Robert was still fighting them at the time of his own death. Robert was called The Pious because of his humility and charity; he was also esteemed as a soldier and ruler.
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Called Robert the Pious. He was educated at Reims under the French scholar Gerbert, who later became Pope Sylvester II. Pope Gregory V (died 999) excommunicated him and annulled his marriage, which was considered incestuous by the church; in 1003 Robert submitted to the pope and married the daughter of the marquis of Provence. He recognized Hugh, the eldest of these sons, as his successor. After Hugh's death in 1025, the other sons, aided by their mother, revolted; Robert was still fighting them at the time of his own death. Robert was called The Pious because of his humility and charity; he was also esteemed as a soldier and ruler. Also Known As: Robert "LePieux". Born: between 27 Mar 970 and 972 in Orleans, Loiret, Orleanais, France, son of Hughes II, King de France and Adelaide de Poitiers. Married in 989: Rosela Suzanne, Princess of Italy, daughter of Berenger II, King of Italy and Willa d'Arles ; It is considered a strange idea on the part of Hughes that his young son should marry a woman who was some 32-years older than Robert. In 988, she had become the widow of Arnoul II de Flandre. She is quite pretty but has "troubling" black eyes, but most importantly, she brings as dowry Montreuil-sur-Mer. This will allow the capetian sovereigns to have access to the French Channel. In 992 in France Robert II repudiated his wife because she was "an old woman", but he would keep the dowry of Montreuil-sur-Mer. Between 996 and 1031: Robert II became King of France upon the death of his father on 24 October 996. In 1000, Angers is destroyed by fire. When the King's Uncle, Henri, Duke of Burgundy died without heir in 1002 {the same year Strasbourg is completey destroyed by fire), Otto-Guillaume, Count of Burgundy, supported by the Chatelains, wanted to expand his territories. But, King Robert would have none of it, claiming that the duchy should remain without the capetian family. With the help of the Abbe of Cluny and the Bishop of Autun, and also supported by the Duke of Normandie, King Robert undertook a veritable conquest of Burgundy which would last some 12 years. In 1002, Robert helped the Lombards to establish a King for themselves in the person of Arduin of Ivrea [d'Ivree] . In 1015, Brunon, Bishop of Langres, and principal ally of the Count of Burgundy, dies, and Otto-Guillaume renders Hommage to the King. Robert gives the Duchy to his son, Henri, but it is in title only, as the King insists on keeping the power of the properties of the kingdom as well as their revenues. In the footsteps of his father, Robert II associates his eldest son, Hughes, to the throne in 1017. This really miffs the lords of the court who were hoping for an election. But it is Queen Constance herself, who sees to it that her son does not get the least lands as part of the deal. In 1018, Poitiers and Beauvais both are ravaged by fire, and the next year Rouen and Chartres also are destroyed by fire. In 1023, Eudes II de Blois takes over the succession of Champagne. Thus, the next 200 years, Blois, Chartres and Champagne would be a constant menace to the scant royal properties. Though Robert "Le Pieux" and Henri II, Emperor of Germany worked toward peace, these efforts came to an end in 1024 upon the death of Henri II. When Robert's eldest son, Hughes dies in 1026, Robert prepares his second son, who would be Henri I. Married in 997 in Tours, Indre-et-Loire, Touraine, France: Princess Berthe de Bourgogne, daughter of Conrad I, King de Bourgogne and Mahaut=Mathilde, Princess de France; Robert had made Berthe, the beautiful widow of the Count of Anjou, his mistress in 996. But because it was better to sin a little bit than to sin a lot, he married her as King. They are related in the third degree, and Robert is the godfather of one of Berthe's children. This spiritual relationship makes the marriage incestuous in the eyes of the Church. In 998, the Council, called by then Pope Gregory V, stipulates that Robert should leave Berthe forever, and do penance for 7 years in accordance with the laws of the Church. In the midst of the deliberations, Gregory V dies and is replaced by Pope Sylvester II who is none other than the Monk, Gerbert, ancient mentor of the King. However, while the pronouncement of an anathema is lifted, the excommunication is maintained. In 1001, Robert concedes. Two years later, in 1003, he marries Constance. That same year on 7 February 1003, the old Queen Suzanne died. Repudiated: Princess Berthe de Bourgogne between 1001 and 1003. Married in 1003 in France: Constance de Provence, daughter of Guillaume I/II, Count de Provence and Adelais/Adele d'Anjou; Constance was Robert II's third wife. Constance would immediately satisfy Robert's needs for a male heir by giving him four boys, but her cruelty [when Constance spotted one of her mentors accused of heresy on his way to the pyre to be burned alive, she stepped up to him and pierced one of his eyes with the pin of her corsage] and Southern ways would alienated and antagonize the Court. The couple remained married beyond 1010, after Robert had been persuaded by Pope Sergius IV not to divorce Constance, but continued to quarrel until Robert's death. Hughes, their eldest son, was crowned in 1017, but died in 1025. The next son, Henry, was Robert's choice, but Constance favored their third son, Robert and fomented rebellions in his favor. Died: on 20 Jul 1031 in Meulun, Seine-et-Oise, Ile-de-France, France, Robert II is buried at Saint Denis.
Robert II, king of France, was a son of Hugh Capet, and was born at Orleans. He was educated at Reims under Gerbert, afterwards Pope Silvester II. As the ideal of medieval Christianity he won his surname of "Pious" by his humility and charity, but he was also possessed some of the qualities of a soldier and a statesman. His father associated him with himself in the government of France, and he was crowned in December 987, becoming sole king on Hugh's death in October 996. In 988 he married Rosala, or Susanna, widow of Arnold II, count of Flanders. He repudiated her in 989, fixing his affections up-on Bertha, daughter of Conrad the Peaceful, king of Burgundy, or Arles, and wife of Eudes I, Count of Blois; and although the pair were related, and the king had been godfather to one of Bertha's children, they were married in 996, a year after the death of Eudes. Pope Gregory V. excommunicated the king, and a council at Rome imposed a seven years' penance upon him. For five years the king braved all anathemas, but about 1002 he gave up Bertha and married Constance, daughter of a certain County William. Still attached to Bertha, Robert took this lady with him to Rome in 1010, but the pope refused to recognize their marriage, and the king was forced to return to Constance. By this wife Robert had four sons, and in 1017, the eldest of these, Hugh, [1007-1025], was crowned as his father's colleague and successor. After Hugh's death, Robert's concluding days were troubled by a rising on the part of his younger sons, and after a short war, in which he was worsted, the king died at Melun on July 20, 1031. [SOURCE: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1961 ed., Vol. 19, p. 346B, ROBERT II, king of France.]
[crouch10.FTW]
[jackiecrouch9.FTW]
ALIA "le /Pieux"/[kkgedcom.FTW]
ALIA "le /Pieux"/[JohnFaye (8 Jun 05).FTW]
Called Robert the Pious. He was educated at Reims under the French scholar Gerbert, who later became Pope Sylvester II. Pope Gregory V (died 999) excommunicated him and annulled his marriage, which was considered incestuous by the church; in 1003 Robert submitted to the pope and married the daughter of the marquis of Provence. He recognized Hugh, the eldest of these sons, as his successor. After Hugh's death in 1025, the other sons, aided by their mother, revolted; Robert was still fighting them at the time of his own death. Robert was called The Pious because of his humility and charity; he was also esteemed as a soldier and ruler Also Known As: Robert "LePieux". Born: between 27 Mar 970 and 972 in Orleans, Loiret, Orleanais, France, son of Hughes II, King de France and Adelaide de Poitiers. Married in 989: Rosela Suzanne, Princess of Italy, daughter of Berenger II, King of Italy and Willa d'Arles ; It is considered a strange idea on the part of Hughes that his young son should marry a woman who was some 32-years older than Robert. In 988, she had become the widow of Arnoul II de Flandre. She is quite pretty but has "troubling" black eyes, but most importantly, she brings as dowry Montreuil-sur-Mer. This will allow the capetian sovereigns to have access to the French Channel. In 992 in France Robert II repudiated his wife because she was "an old woman", but he would keep the dowry of Montreuil-sur-Mer. Between 996 and 1031: Robert II became King of France upon the death of his father on 24 October 996. In 1000, Angers is destroyed by fire. When the King's Uncle, Henri, Duke of Burgundy died without heir in 1002 {the same year Strasbourg is completey destroyed by fire), Otto-Guillaume, Count of Burgundy, supported by the Chatelains, wanted to expand his territories. But, King Robert would have none of it, claiming that the duchy should remain without the capetian family. With the help of the Abbe of Cluny and the Bishop of Autun, and also supported by the Duke of Normandie, King Robert undertook a veritable conquest of Burgundy which would last some 12 years. In 1002, Robert helped the Lombards to establish a King for themselves in the person of Arduin of Ivrea [d'Ivree] . In 1015, Brunon, Bishop of Langres, and principal ally of the Count of Burgundy, dies, and Otto-Guillaume renders Hommage to the King. Robert gives the Duchy to his son, Henri, but it is in title only, as the King insists on keeping the power of the properties of the kingdom as well as their revenues. In the footsteps of his father, Robert II associates his eldest son, Hughes, to the throne in 1017. This really miffs the lords of the court who were hoping for an election. But it is Queen Constance herself, who sees to it that her son does not get the least lands as part of the deal. In 1018, Poitiers and Beauvais both are ravaged by fire, and the next year Rouen and Chartres also are destroyed by fire. In 1023, Eudes II de Blois takes over the succession of Champagne. Thus, the next 200 years, Blois, Chartres and Champagne would be a constant menace to the scant royal properties. Though Robert "Le Pieux" and Henri II, Emperor of Germany worked toward peace, these efforts came to an end in 1024 upon the death of Henri II. When Robert's eldest son, Hughes dies in 1026, Robert prepares his second son, who would be Henri I. Married in 997 in Tours, Indre-et-Loire, Touraine, France: Princess Berthe de Bourgogne, daughter of Conrad I, King de Bourgogne and Mahaut=Mathilde, Princess de France; Robert had made Berthe, the beautiful widow of the Count of Anjou, his mistress in 996. But because it was better to sin a little bit than to sin a lot, he married her as King. They are related in the third degree, and Robert is the godfather of one of Berthe's children. This spiritual relationship makes the marriage incestuous in the eyes of the Church. In 998, the Council, called by then Pope Gregory V, stipulates that Robert should leave Berthe forever, and do penance for 7 years in accordance with the laws of the Church. In the midst of the deliberations, Gregory V dies and is replaced by Pope Sylvester II who is none other than the Monk, Gerbert, ancient mentor of the King. However, while the pronouncement of an anathema is lifted, the excommunication is maintained. In 1001, Robert concedes. Two years later, in 1003, he marries Constance. That same year on 7 February 1003, the old Queen Suzanne died. Repudiated: Princess Berthe de Bourgogne between 1001 and 1003. Married in 1003 in France: Constance de Provence, daughter of Guillaume I/II, Count de Provence and Adelais/Adele d'Anjou; Constance was Robert II's third wife. Constance would immediately satisfy Robert's needs for a male heir by giving him four boys, but her cruelty [when Constance spotted one of her mentors accused of heresy on his way to the pyre to be burned alive, she stepped up to him and pierced one of his eyes with the pin of her corsage] and Southern ways would alienated and antagonize the Court. The couple remained married beyond 1010, after Robert had been persuaded by Pope Sergius IV not to divorce Constance, but continued to quarrel until Robert's death. Hughes, their eldest son, was crowned in 1017, but died in 1025. The next son, Henry, was Robert's choice, but Constance favored their third son, Robert and fomented rebellions in his favor. Died: on 20 Jul 1031 in Meulun, Seine-et-Oise, Ile-de-France, France, Robert II is buried at Saint Denis.
Robert II, king of France, was a son of Hugh Capet, and was born at Orleans. He was educated at Reims under Gerbert, afterwards Pope Silvester II. As the ideal of medieval Christianity he won his surname of "Pious" by his humility and charity, but he was also possessed some of the qualities of a soldier and a statesman. His father associated him with himself in the government of France, and he was crowned in December 987, becoming sole king on Hugh's death in October 996. In 988 he married Rosala, or Susanna, widow of Arnold II, count of Flanders. He repudiated her in 989, fixing his affections up-on Bertha, daughter of Conrad the Peaceful, king of Burgundy, or Arles, and wife of Eudes I, Count of Blois; and although the pair were related, and the king had been godfather to one of Bertha's children, they were married in 996, a year after the death of Eudes. Pope Gregory V. excommunicated the king, and a council at Rome imposed a seven years' penance upon him. For five years the king braved all anathemas, but about 1002 he gave up Bertha and married Constance, daughter of a certain County William. Still attached to Bertha, Robert took this lady with him to Rome in 1010, but the pope refused to recognize their marriage, and the king was forced to return to Constance. By this wife Robert had four sons, and in 1017, the eldest of these, Hugh, [1007-1025], was crowned as his father's colleague and successor. After Hugh's death, Robert's concluding days were troubled by a rising on the part of his younger sons, and after a short war, in which he was worsted, the king died at Melun on July 20, 1031. [SOURCE: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1961 ed., Vol. 19, p. 346B, ROBERT II, king of France.]
[crouch10.FTW]
[jackiecrouch9.FTW]
ALIA "le /Pieux"/[kkgedcom.FTW]
ALIA "le /Pieux"/ROBERT II, king of France, was a son of Hugh Capet, and was born at Orleans. He was educated at Reims under Gerbert, afterwards Pope Silvester II. As the ideal of medieval Christianity he won his surname of "Pious" by his humility and charity, but he was also possessed some of the qualities of a soldier and a statesman. His father associated him with himself in the government of France, and he was crowned in December 987, becoming sole king on Hugh's death in October 996. In 988 he married Rosala, or Susanna, widow of Arnold II, count of Flanders. He repudiated her in 989, fixing his affections up-on Bertha, daughter of Conrad the Peaceful, king of Burgundy, or Arles, and wife of Eudes I, Count of Blois; and although the pair were related, and the king had been godfather to one of Bertha's children, they were married in 996, a year after the death of Eudes. Pope Gregory V. excommunicated the king, and a council at Rome imposed a seven years' penance upon him. For five years the king braved all anathemas, but about 1002 he gave up Bertha and married Constance, daughter of a certain County William. Still attached to Bertha, Robert took this lady with him to Rome in 1010, but the pope refused to recognize their marriage, and the king was forced to return to Constance. By this wife Robert had four sons, and in 1017, the eldest of these, Hugh, [1007-1025], was crowned as his father's colleague and successor. After Hugh's death, Robert's concluding days were troubled by a rising on the part of his younger sons, and after a short war, in which he was worsted, the king died at Melun on July 20, 1031. [SOURCE: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1961 ed., Vol. 19, p. 346B, ROBERT II, king of France.]
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